1943: Z-4, partly electro-mechanic and partly electronic computer using magnetic relais and some vacuum tubes, of numbering base of two, by Konrad Zuse with Helmut Schreyer. 1940-1942: ambitious project of an electronic digital computer using vacuum tubes and numbering base of two, by Konrad Zuse in collaboration with Helmut Schreyer. It was the second important application of a computer in History: the North American census of 1910. The machine was in service until the 1940's. 1914: machine to play the chess end game of King and Castle against King, by Leonardo Torres y Quevedo. Since the late 1940's almost every computer in the world understands directly only one form of communication, known by the names of "binal code", "binary code", "code in numbering base two", "machine code" or "low level code". Thanks to Duddly (now defunct but offered at the sims biker I believe) for the inspiration of his wardrobe-changing doors, Aenigma's site for the un-gapped door bases, and The Tom and his thorough knowledge of sims' programming code. This language is here explained in more detail than the others, due to its historical importance and to the fact that Basic was the first programming language used by P. A. Stonemann, CSS Dixieland.

No more telling everyone on the lot to stop what they're doing and come over to change clothes, now they'll do it just walking through the door! Go now - you owe it to yourself. Two podiums using the skins from the HP costume trunks, I had these bad boys on TSR in the old days, but now I've placed them here for your downloading pleasure! 1642-1652: Pascaline, calculator machine of pinion wheels for adding two or three numbers, up to the number 999 999, using numbering base of ten, by Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Several of them were built. 1821-1834: Differential Machine, logarithmic calculator machine for polynomes of up to eight terms, using numbering base of ten, by Charles Babbage, according to his own theory of 1812. Tentatively built between 1821-1834 but never finished, it exists a modified version built between 1840-1854 and a perfected version built between 1859-1860, types of billiards both by Pehr Georg Scheutz.

The Quantum Theory of Max Planck would later add the concept of tiny packets of energy (quanta) of electro-magnetic radiation, detected as heat, as visible or invisible light, as Roentgen X-Rays, Gamma Rays, and other forms of radiation. 1961: field effect transistor by Steven Hofstein, that made possible the development of MOS transistor (Metallic Oxid Semiconductor) by R. C. A. July 1961: essay on the theory of packet interchange for computer networks, by Leonard Kleinrock (Massachussets Institute of Technology). 1936: On Computable Numbers, essay that develops the concept of stored programme (as opposed to programming by hardware connections), by Alan Mathison Turing (-1954) (Cambridge University). About the I or II century after Christ it is developed in India a system of numerals in base of ten that introduces the concept of zero, and of values that depend on the location of each cipher inside a number. His description of browsing the Memex of linked information includes the ability of easily inserting new information by anyone, adding to the growing Memex, as the hyper text system does today in the Gopher Protocol, or in the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and Mark-up Language used by the World Wide Web. In the case of non-graphic user agents, they show (or they convert to sound or to Braille) only text and hyper links, but not images or sounds.

Those characters, when used in this document, have been encoded as entities of Hyper Text Mark-up Language or sometimes in Unicode UTF-8. In his essay "As We May Think", he describes his vision for a computer aided text system that he named "Memex". 1978: Wordstar, line text editor by John Barnaby. 1978: microprocessor Intel 8086 of 1 Megabyte of 16 bits (used in the first IBM Personal Computer-XT). 1973: first message transmitted by electronic post through Arpanet. Taking the word "computer" in its etymological sense of "counter" or "calculator", some of those primitive computers are: -The calculation devices of John Napier in 1617, of William Oughtred in 1621-1627, and of Bissaker in 1654. -The calculator machines of Heinrich Schickart in 1623, of Blaise Pascal in 1642-1652, of Sir Samuel Morland about 1660, of Wilhelm Leibnitz in 1694, and of Mattieu Hahn in 1779. Besides those purely mathematical calculators, the first automatic machines were built by M. Falcon in 1728, by Basile Bouchon in those years, and by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801-1804. The first mechanic computers were tentatively built by Charles Babbage in 1821-1834 and in 1834-1871, although they were never finished by him.